The article presents the results of a systematic study of the economic policy of Donald Trump, the president of the country with the strongest and most influential economy in the world. The general image of this policy is compiled from the essence and content of its individual directions. At the same time, D. Trump’s specific steps were also taken into account, which were misleading and even caused shock when they were perceived directly. The assessments of economic policy such as protectionism, economic nationalism, expansion of trade and customs policy are critically considered. The author’s assessment of the essence of Trump’s economic policy is defined as the priority development of the real sector, within the framework of which reindustrialization based on new technologies of the fourth industrial revolution is planned. The threats of longterm consequences for Russia are predicted and the question is raised about the space and possibilities of Russia’s political orientation in the context of the rapidly changing redistribution of economic power of states and their associations.

The article examines the problem of economic realization and potential ways to reform the institution of land ownership through the prism of theories of reciprocity and gift exchange economics (in particular, using the example of potlatch). Based on an interdisciplinary analysis, the systemic limitations of the modern model of land ownership in Russia have been identified. It is proved that the dominance of the market-contractual paradigm leads to fragmentation of economic realization, expressed in latifundism, the speculative nature of the land market and the degradation of land resources. It examines how the principles of gift exchange, based on the obligations to give, receive, and repay, can be translated into modern land relations to create more sustainable and socially cohesive communities. It demonstrates that the integration of elements of reciprocal economics can mitigate the negative consequences of land commodification, such as social inequality and environmental degradation. Based on a historical and retrospective analysis of the stages of land reform in Russia, the article identifies systemic dysfunctions of the current model of economic implementation of land ownership, such as latifundism, the speculative nature of the land market, the mass withdrawal of land from circulation, and the degradation of soil resources, which are also rooted in the loss of the moral and ethical component of ownership inherent in the logic of potlatch. The article argues that the key cause of these dysfunctions is the gap between formal ownership rights and their socio-economic implementation. Based on the analysis, the contours of an alternative model of land policy are proposed, which integrates the principles of reciprocity, social responsibility, and solidarity.

The theoretical significance of the work lies in the development of an alternative model of economic implementation of land ownership, which integrates the principles of reciprocity and social responsibility. The practical value of the study lies in the proposal of specific mechanisms for transforming.

A study of foreign literature has shown that the concept of «solidary economy» (SE) is characterized by a variety of definitions. Its understanding varies depending on the region, historical features, and political factors. The overall picture of the SE is based on principles similar to those of cooperative organizations. An analysis of the definitions, principles, and types of SE entities has led to the development of four characteristics that have been grouped into blocks: 1) socially organized SE; 2) normatively organized SE; 3) professionally organized SE; 4) SE institutions. The incomparability of some groups of solidarity enterprises with each other is reflected.Enterprises in the fourth block are considered to be the most promising. However, the current approaches to the functioning of the SE in developing countries do not allow for the development of this area of the SE, which is due to the insufficient level of infrastructure in these countries. The current tools of the SE are insufficient to address the most important issues of inequality and conflict of interests. The article suggests rethinking and improving the principles of SE to better unlock its potential.

The article presents the current state of economic theory based on the synthesis of previous doctrines. At the same time, the confrontation between liberal and national economic schools continues. striving to resist the globalization of the world. An overview of the exercises and schools is given. In conclusion, brief conclusions and suggestions are formulated.

Economic security is based on constitutional guarantees of the unity of economic space, the free movement of goods, services and financial resources, and freedom of economic activity (Article 8 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). National security of the state is impossible without compliance with the economic laws of society, social and production processes, and the growth of citizens’ well-being. This study, based on historical-legal, comparative-legal and criminal-legal analysis, shows the main directions of combating corruption for the purposes of economic security and social well-being of the state, society and citizens.

In the context of escalating geopolitical confrontation and the widespread use of unilateral economic sanctions, judicial decisions have increasingly become not only instruments for dispute settlement but also strategic tools for ensuring economic security. This article presents a comparative analysis of the approaches adopted by international judicial bodies – the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) – and the national judiciary of the Russian Federation in resolving disputes related to economic security. Special attention is given to the evolution of legal doctrine, the legislative framework of Russia’s «anti-sanctions» jurisdiction, and the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and arbitrazh (commercial) courts. Through the analysis of case law, international treaties, and scholarly sources, the study identifies fundamental differences in the interpretation of sovereignty, proportionality, and good faith, and evaluates the effectiveness of competing legal models.

The article is devoted to the history of the development of the cooperative movement in Russia, business relations and business in the Transcamian region with reference to the scientific developments of the great economists Vasily Leontiev, the largest theorist of cooperation in the peasant economy Alexander Chayanov, the historian Vladimir Ermakov, who discovered the founding date of Naberezhnye Chelny, dreamed of a monument to the first settlers. The stages of the cooperative movement in Russia are considered, including its tragic episodes, the basics of business in the territory of the future Naberezhnye Chelny, the famous names of industrialists, cooperators and other business people of the region are given. Special attention is paid to the NEP and the role of the Interregional Cooperative Federation in the revival of cooperation.